Effect of beta-mercaptoethanol or epidermal growth factor supplementation on in vitro maturation of canine oocytes collected from dogs with different stages of the estrus cycle

Supplementation of beta-mercaptoethanol (beta-ME) in in vitro maturation (IVM) medium was shown to improve embryo development and quality in several species. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was also shown to improve IVM of human oocyte and embryo development after in vitro fertilization (IVF). The effect of these two compounds were suggested to be mediated through the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) which is known to play an important role in protecting the cell or embryos from oxidative damage. Thus, it is suggested that supplementation of canine IVM medium with beta-ME or EGF may be of benefit due to its positive role in IVM of various mammalian oocytes and embryo development, including cattle, pigs, rodents and humans. This study investigates the effect of ovarian estrus stage on canine oocyte quality and supplementation of medium with beta-ME or EGF on IVM of canine oocytes. As results, a significantly higher percentage of oocytes progressed to metaphase II (MII) stage in 50 or 100 microM of beta-ME supplemented oocytes collected from the follicular stage. The maturation rate to metaphase I (MI) stage was also significantly higher in oocytes collected from follicular stage and cultured with 25 or 100 microM compared to other experimental groups. After IVM culture, oocytes recovered from dogs with the follicular stage and matured in TCM-199 supplemented with 20 ng/ml EGF yielded better oocyte maturation to MII phase compared to other groups. Taken together, supplementation of beta-ME (50 or 100 microM) or EGF (20 ng/ml) improved IVM of canine oocytes to MII stage.

The Interaction between GFAP and Fascin in U343 Glioma Cell Line

No abstract available.

One Case of Sustemic Arterialization of Lung Without Sequestration / 결핵

Sustemic arterialization of the lung without sequestration is the rarest from of congenital anomalous systemic arterial supply to the lung, where an anomalous systemic artery arising from aorta supplies a normal unsequestrated segment of the lung. The non-sequestrated lung parenchyma which is supplied by an aberrant artery, has no parenchyma or bronchial abnormalities, and there is a normal connection with the bronchial trees. The symptoms of this disease varies. In most patients, it is often asymptomatic, but symptoms including dyspnea, hemoptysis, and central nervous system complications are possible. Here, we report a case of systemic arterialization of the lung without sequestration, which confirmed by angiography, with a review of the literature.

A Case of Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastasis to the Gingiva / 결핵

The incidence of lung cancer and its mortality rate are increasing in Korea. At the time of diagnosis, 40% patients of lung cancer patients had metastatic lesions. The common metastatic sites are the contralateral lung, bone, liver, adrenal gland and the brain. Metastasis to oral mucosa is rarely encountered in lung cancer and metastasis to the gingiva is more uncommon. Approximately 1% of malignant carcinomas in the oral cavity are the result of metastases, and 10-25% of metastatic cancers originate from lung cancer. Clinically metastatic gingival lesions are benign including hemangioma, pyogenic granuloma, giant-cell granuloma or a peripheral fibroma. Often metastases to the gingiva are diagnosed too late and by the time they are detected, they have metastases to other organs. Here we report a case of small cell lung carcinoma that had metastased to the gingiva with review of relevant literature.

Prophylactic cranial irradiation in limited small-cell lung cancer: incidence of brain metastasis and survival and clinical aspects / 결핵

PURPOSE: Brain metastases are present in approximately 10-16% of small cell lung cancer patients at diagnosis. Brain metastasis is an important clinical problem associated with increasing the survival rate, with a cumulative incidence of up to 80% in patients surviving 2 years. Prophylactic cranial irradiation(PCI reduces the incidence of brain matastasis and may prolong survival in patients with limited small-cell lung cancer who achieved complete remission. This study was performed to analyze the incidence of brain metastasis, survival and clinical aspects after PCI in patients with limited small-cell lung cancer who achieved complete remission. METHODS: Between 1989 and 1999, forty-two patients with limited small-cell lung cancer who achived achieved complete remission after therapy were enrolled into this study retrospectively. All patients received etoposide and cisplatin(VPP) alternating with cytoxan, adriamycin, and vincristine(CAV) every 3 weeks for at least 6 cycles initially. All patients received thoracic radiotherapy:concurrent(38.1%) and sequentia(61.9%). All patients received late PCI. RESULTS: Most patients(88.1%) were men, and the median age was 58 years. The median follow-up duration was 18.1 months. During the follow-up period, 57.1% of the patients developed relapse. The most frequent site of relapse was chest(35.7%), followed by brain(14.3%), liver(11.9%), adrenal gland(4.4%), and bone(2.2%). With the Kaplan-Meier method, the average disease-free interval was 1,090 days(median 305 days). The average time to development of brain relapse after PCI and other sites relapse(except brain) were 2,548 days and 1,395 days(median 460 days), respectively. The average overall survival was 1,233 days(median 634 days, 21.1 months), and 2-year survival rates was 41.7%. The average overall survival in the relapse group was 642 days(median 489 days) and in the no relapse group was 2,622 days(p<0.001). The average overall survival in the brain relapse guoup was 928 days(median 822 days) and in the no brain relapse group was 1,308 days(median 634 days)(p=0.772). In most patients(85.7%), relepse(expect brain) or systemic disease was the usual cause of death. Brain matastasis was the cause of death in 14.3% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: We may conclude that PCI reduces and delays brain metastasis in patients with limited small-cell lung cancer who achieved complete remission. We found decreased survival in relapse group but, no significant survival difference was noted according to brain matastasis. And relapse(except brain) or systemic disease was the usual cause of death. In order to increase survival, new treatment strategies for control methods for relapse and systemic disease are required.

Effect Of Vpp/Cav Alternating Chemotherapy Versus Carboplatin/Etoposide(Ce) Chemotherapy For Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer / 결핵

BACKGROUND: To compare the efficacies and side effects of etoposide, cisplatin/cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine(VPP/CAV) with that those of carboplatin etoposide(CE) in extensive stage small cell lung cancer patients. METHOD: Patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer who has measurable disease were eligible. VPP/CAV group(n=22) was treated with cisplatin(60mg/m2 iv. D1) etoposide(100mg/m2 iv. D1-3),after and 3 weeks later cyclophosphamide(1000mg/m2 iv. D1), adriamycin(40mg/m2 iv. D1), and vincristine(1.4mg/m2 iv. D1), were administered alternatively. CE group (n=22) was treated with carboplatin (325mg/m2 iv. D1) and etoposide (100mg/m2 iv. D1-3)(;) repeated treatment was performed every 3 weeks. RESULT: Forty four patients were eligible for the study. Overall The overall response rate was 61.4% (complete remission rate 0%, partial response rate 61.4%, stable disease rate 25%, progressive disease rate 13.6%), and median survival was 10.8 months. In VPP/CAV group, response rate was 54.5%(complete remission rate 0%, partial response rate 54.4%, stable disease rate 27.3%, progressive disease rate 18.2%), and, in carboplatin/etoposide group, the response rate was 68.2%(complete remission rate 0%, partial response rate 68.2%, stable disease rate 22.7%, progressive disease rate 9.1%). The median survival time was 9.5 months in the VPP/CAV group and 11 months in CE group. The toxicity of both group was moderate, and anemia was more frequent in the CE group. CONCLUSION: VPP/CAV regimen and CE regimen produced similar response rate and survival time rates and survival times in extensive stage small cell lung cancer patients. We may suggest that CE regimen are effective may be effective as part of the initial therapy of for extensive stage small cell lung cancer.

Two cases of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Improved by Whole Lung Lavage / 결핵

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP) is a disorder in which an insoluble, proteinaceous material, rich in phospholipid, is deposited on alveoli and bronchioles. Several cases were reported since 1986, and the numbers of patients is increasing in Korea. Although the pathogenesis and causative treatment of PAP is not well known, whole lung lavage is the only consistently successful treatment. We report 2 cases of PAP which were confirmed by open lung biopsy with electron microscopy and clinically improved by whole lung lavage with a review of literature.

Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection in the Staging of Prostate Carcinoma / 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Diagnostic sampling of pelvic lymph nodes is generally accepted as the optimal procedure for evaluating the metastatic status of locally curable prostate carcinoma. It is usually done by open surgery, but recent developments in laparoscopic surgery have provided another option and are theoretically associated with less trauma and fewer complications than those reported from conventional surgery. We now report our experience, progression and complication of extraperitoneal laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between Dec. 1996 and Feb. 1998, 14 patients with high serum PSA (> or = 10 ng/ml) or high Gleason score (> or =5) underwent LPLND before radical perineal prostatectomy. The mean age of 14 patients was 64.46.5 years. The mean of serum PSA level was 51.4+/-39.3 ng/ml, and the mean Gleason score was 7.3+/-1.6. We used balloon dissector for the creation of extraperitoneal space, and perfonned LPLND with a CO2 insufflation through extraperitonium. RESULTS: The average operation time was 138.2+/-29.8 minutes and estimated intraoperative bload loss was 80ml. The Jackson-Pratt drain was removed 3 days postoperatively and the mean drainage volume was 220.5+/-105.2 ml. The average number of dissected nodes was 7.6+/-4.4 (Rt.: 4.1+/-2.9, Lt.: 3.5+/-2.3), and LN metastasis was noted in 4 patients (28.6%). Complications included subcutaneous emphysema (7 patients), peritoneal laceration (3) and obturator nerve injury (1). The mean dissected LN number of the latter 9 cases was 8.6+/-4.8 compared with 6.0+/-3.3 of initial 5 cases, the mean operation time (minute) of the latter 9 cases was 132.8+/-26.6 compared with 148.0+/- 35.8 of initial 5 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic approach can be performed within a resonable time limit and allows adequate assessment of the pelvic lymph node with minimal operative morbidity. Extraperitoneal LPLND is the minimally invasive procedure of choice for the evaluation of patients who are at increased risk of having metastatic pelvic lymph node involvement by prostate cancer.

Surgical Cases of Penetrating Brain Injury by Foreign Body

Penetrating brain stem injury is rare, and complete recovery is seldom expected. This case report presents exceptional cases of penetrating brain stem injury with a metal chopstick. The patients were a three-year-old boy and a 60-year-old man, and both patients made a complete recovery after surgical removal of the chopstick.

Inverted papilloma of the bladder: bladder tumor with benign biologic potential / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We reviewed and analyzed l3 cases of inverted papilloma that we have experienced during the last 7 years. from 1984 to 1990. Twelve patients were males and one patient was a female and their ages ranged from 42 to 75 with a mean age of 57. Gross hematuria occurred in 12 cases and intermittent urethral obstruction was associated in 3 cases and urethral obstruction without hematuria occurred in 1 case. Urine cytology was negative in all cases, except the one which showed suspicious cytology for malignancy. Cystocopy revealed polypoid appearance in 12 cases and papillary in one. All of the masses were single and pedunculated with a stalk and were located mainly in trigonal area in 12 of 13 cases (92%). The diameter of the masses ranged from 1.0cm to 6.0cm. Transurethral resection was performed in all cases. There was no case of recurrence or malignant transformation during the follow-up period with a mean of 26 months. In conclusion, inverted papilloma is suspected by its peculiar predilection site and appearance without difficulty and controlled by transurethral resection alone. When it is completely resected, follow-up by benign neoplasm is considered to be sufficient.

Early experience of "no-incision" bladder neck suspension of urinary stress incontinence / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Female urinary stress incontinence is not an uncommon surgical problem. Seventeen women with genuine stress incontinence underwent bladder neck suspension according to Gittes' procedure. The mean follow-up period was 9.8 months (3-19 months). Fourteen patients (82%) were cured and three (18%) significantly improved. The complications were not serious and the incidence was low. The 'no-incision' pubovaginal suspension is quick (mean operation time: 53 min), easy to perform and has a short hospital stay (mean : 6.5 days). While longer follow-up is required, our early experience suggests that this operation merits further evaluation in patients with grade I and grade II stress incontinence.

Prognostic factors in patients with advanced prostatic cancer / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We analyzed the risk factors to the survival in 80 patients with advanced prostatic cancer who were managed in Seoul National University Hospital from 1979 to 1987. Variables were age, weight loss, hemoglobin, serum acid and alkaline phosphatase, pain, extent of metastasis on bone scan, Gleason`s sum metastatic site and treatment regimens. Univariate analysis using Logrank test and multivariate analysis of Cox`s proportional hazards regression model was performed. Median follow-up was 56 months (11-112) and median survival was 29 months in overall patients. The l, 3 and 5-year survival rate was 75%, 40%, and 17% respectively. In univariate analyses anemia, weight loss, Gleason`s sum, serum acid phosphatase, extent of metastasis on bone scan influenced the survival significantly(P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified anemia and weight loss as the most important factor, followed by Gleason`s sum and the serum acid phosphatase level. serum acid phosphatase level. Based on these prognostic factors we divided the patients into 2 groups: the low and high risk group, with median survival of 44 and 15 months, 3 year survival rate of 64% and 4%, respectively. These prognostic factors and grouping may be useful for anticipating the fate of individual patient and the biologic behavior of the tumor. The effective management could be planned according to these criteria.

Intranasal LH-RH treatment of cryptorchidism / 대한비뇨기과학회지

The effect of intranasal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) on cryptorchidism was investigated in 15 prepubertal boys with 26 undescended testes. Eleven patients were bilateral cryptorchidism. Boys with retractile testes, ectopic testes or palpable hernia, as well as boys who had chromosomal abnormalities were excluded from admission to the study. Synthetic LH-RH (Cryptocurs) was applied as nasal spray at a dose of 1.2mg daily over a period of 4 weeks. Testicular position and mobility were assessed independently by two investigator before and after 4 and I6 weeks of therapy. Testicular descent into the scrotum occurred in 5(19%) and partial descent in 10 testes (38%). Descended testes were bilateral cryptorchidism and located below the inguinal area in all cases. Follow-up examination 4 months after therapy showed no relapse. No side effects were observed. Overviewing the literature and regarding our own results, we believe that LH-RH has a place in the treatment of cryptorchidism. In the treatment of the more caudally positioned and bilateral undescended testes, it can be beneficial, because of the potential merits of avoiding an operation and the small number of minor side effects.

Malignant lymphoma of the testis: review of 12 cases / 대한암학회지

No abstract available.

Prognostic significance of DNA ploidy in carcinoma of prostate: relationship between DNA ploidy, granular differentiation, and stage / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Flow cytometry was used to measure the DNA content in archived paraffin-embedded human prostatic cancer tissue for 93 patients with known outcomes that presented between 1980 and 1988 Of these. 25 patients had clinically localized lesions, while 68 patients presented with advanced diseases. Fifty seven tumors (61%) contained a aneuploid stem line. The Frequency of aneuploid in creased with advancing stage and most tumors confined to the prostate gland were diploid. The degree of glandular differentiation was characterized by the Gleason sum. One-third of tumors with a Gleason sum of 2 to 4 were aneuploid. whereas 78% of tumors with a Gleason sum of 8 to 10 were aneuploid. Among aneuploid tumors. 11% were localized carcinomas. 89% were advanced status. When tumors were classified according to both DNA ploidy and degree of glandular differentiation. the subgroups of tumors with the highest and lowest degree of malignant potential became apparent. Only 27% of diploid tumors with Gleason sum of 2 to 4 were advanced tumors. but 100% of aneuploid tumors with Gleason sum of 8 to 10 were advanced tumors. The influence of DNA ploidy on survival was examined with Kaplan-Meier method and the generalized Wilcoxon test. Overall, patients with diploid tumors had a survival advantage over patients with aneuploid tumors(p0.05). But, in patients of Stage D with intermediate grade tumors, the survival difference between diploid and aneuploid tumors were obvious. In conclusion, flow cytometry can be expected to become a valuable adjunct to clinical staging and morphologic grading (Gleason sum) in the assessment of the malignant potentials of prostatic cancer.

Ligation of Crura Penis for Impotence Due to Perineal Venous Leakage / 대한비뇨기과학회지

The 2 venous pathways that assure drainage of the corpora cavernosa are the deep dorsal and the perineal venous pathways. The deep dorsal vein have been investigated but the perineal pathway has received little attention. Recently, attention was focused on the prominent part of the perineal venous system in impotence. In our hospital during last 2 years, 12 consecutive impotent man who failed to achieve an erection after intracorporeal papaverine injection and revealed intact arterial system on Duplex-sonography underwent pharmacocavernosometry -cavernosography. Venous leakage was demonstrated in 12 patients : dorsal in 6, perineal in 4 and dorsal plus perineal leakage in 1. The perineal venous system consists of veins arising from the crural edge of both corpora and ligation of the crura penis seems to be efficient in the treatment of impotence owing to their leakage. We performed ligation of crura penis in two primary erectile impotence patients who was demonstrated perineal venous leakage on cine-cavernosography. Follow-up was approximately 12 months. One patient reported marked improvement in penile rigidity at erection allowing satisfactory intercourse, but another no improvement. Obvious question is whether simple ligation of the veins draining the corpora will correct the impotence in a man with a venous leakage. Therefore further studies on etiologic factors in venous leakage must be performed before definite treatment can be made.

The Effect of M-VAC (Methotrexate, vinblastine, Doxorubicin and cisplatin) Chemotherapy for Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the bladder Preliminary Report / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We treated 15 patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (M-VAC) chemotherapy. Median patient age was 58 years. The site of primary lesion was bladder in all cases. Histologically, these tumors were all identified as transitional cell carcinoma. The average number of cycle were 4.5 and the cycle length varied from 28 days to 94 days (average 38 days). Of these patients, 12 had measurable disease and 6 responded (3 complete and 3 partial remission response rate 50%). Median survival was 10 months in all 16 patients, 17+ months in complete remission and 3.7 months in progression. Complete tumor regression was observed more frequency with local-regional lesions. Toxicity was severe, with 13% of the patient experiencing nadir sepsis, 47% renal toxicity and 20% mucositis. Although overall survival was not prolonged significantly than the historical control group, M-VAC was effective in small proportion of patients (CR : 3/12). The duration of survival of the patients with complete remission was prolonged significantly. Toxicity was severe but tolerable.